Biomarkers Are Characteristics That Can Be Objectively Measured And Evaluated As Indicators Of Normal Biological Activity
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Biomarkers |
A Biomarker is a biological parameter that can be measured and quantified and is
used to identify a specific physiological condition. A Biomarkers
are a material that can be detected in a medical setting to indicate the
presence of a specific disease state or the effectiveness of a treatment
intervention. Specific pathogenic entities, cytological or histological traits,
genetic mutations, or proteins are a few examples. Changes in the expression of
proteins and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) may also be used as biomarkers.
Years of research have led to the development of molecular markers that can be
used for epidemiological studies, illness diagnosis, and health-related
evaluations, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory
diseases.
The
capacity to identify a disease at its early stage is frequently directly
related to the ability to effectively treat and cure it. Since cancer is
frequently detected in advanced stages, delaying appropriate treatment and
perhaps worsening prognosis, there has been a significant need to enhance early
diagnosis. The advancements in the domains of genomics and proteomics have
coincided with an increase in interest in measuring cancer risk, monitoring
disease, predicting recurrence, and determining the effectiveness of
treatments.
As
a result, several methods, including DNA and tissue microarray, two-dimensional
gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein assays combined with
improved bioinformatic tools, have been used to find molecules linked to
various types of malignancies. The ideal Biomarkers
are highly specific for a particular illness condition and is measurably in
readily available body fluids, such as saliva, serum, or urine, for clinical
application and routine use. As a result, a cancer biomarker, for instance, may
be linked to a particular way the body reacts to cancer or it may be a chemical
generated by the disease itself that is simple to find in bodily fluids.
Regularly used cancer biomarkers include PSA, CA 125 (ovarian cancer), and CA
15-3 (breast cancer) (prostate cancer).
However,
clinically valid Biomarkers are
uncommon, because the majority of putative biomarkers are present in a wide
range of diseases. Biomarker pattern proteome analysis can be used to examine
the expression profiles of hundreds of proteins simultaneously in order to
improve the discovery process. Thus, a more precise illness index can be
produced by combining a number of very generic biomarkers.
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