A Molecular Diagnostic Test Identifies Potential Diseases By Sequencing A Patient's DNA Or RNA

 

Molecular Diagnostic

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) or Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) specific sequence disturbances that may be linked to disease are found using molecular diagnostic procedures. Multiple diseases are caused by the disruption of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), deletions, rearrangements, insertions, and other causes. Sexually transmitted illnesses, cancer, oncology, and infectious disorders all call for the use of Molecular Diagnostic Tests (STDs). Due to molecular diagnostics' ability to identify specific diseases, patients can benefit from precision treatment. The development of precision medicine is a priority for many governments, and this is anticipated to stimulate the market for molecular diagnostics.

Detecting and measuring specific cellular alterations, genetic sequences in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), amino acids, or the proteins they express, "Cellular- Molecular Diagnostics" is a broad term used to describe a class of diagnostic tests that evaluate a person's health literally at a cellular and molecular level. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification techniques are used in molecular assays to find viruses. Multiplex tests that have been approved by the FDA are now available for the detection of infections of the respiratory system, digestive system, and central nervous system (CNS). Some of these tests can detect 20 or more compounds simultaneously and can be finished in as little as 65 minutes. Infectious agents detected by multiplex panels may also include parasites, fungi, and bacteria.

Since the middle of the 1990s, the first extensively used PCR-based test has been the herpes simplex virus (HSV) PCR of CSF. 2014 saw the approval of the initial test for this use that was FDA-cleared. Some laboratories continue to utilise tests that were created in-house, for which the CLIA stipulates that performance characteristics must be validated. As a result, testing is not standardised, and performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity) may differ from laboratory to laboratory. For the diagnosis of HSV encephalitis, effective CSF PCR tests for HSV have sensitivity and specificity above 95%. The diagnosis of mucocutaneous HSV and varicella-zoster virus infections also makes growing use of PCR. Molecular Diagnostics has a quicker response time and is more sensitive than virus culture.  Because molecular tests detect nonviable as well as viable virus, they may detect virus from the healing phase of the illness, when cultures would be negative.