Theranostics refers to the use of precise diagnostic tests that reveal a specific molecular target on a tumour or other disease-causing entity.

 

Theranostics 

Theranostics is the use of focused diagnostic testing in conjunction with tailored treatment. Companion diagnostics, integrated medicine, Dx/Rx partnership, and pharmaco diagnostics are other terms for it. The incorporation of theranostics into the patient care plan (in the case of chosen disorders for which diagnostic tests are accessible alongside related therapy) may result in tailored therapy, which may enhance medical results even further.

 Any disease pathophysiology involves distinct biological pathways that may be addressed via diagnostic testing. Diagnostic pictures of the specific molecule then identify the existence of a certain mutation or receptors (in the case of cancer), which may subsequently be targeted with therapeutic medicines. This method reduces trial and error and might be utilised to provide patient-specific therapy at the correct moment. Accurate dosage calibration and a finely tailored strategy might be extremely beneficial in the treatment of chronic illnesses like cancer.

The phrase Theranostics is a blend of medicines and diagnostics. The word "theranostics" refers to the use of one radioactive medication to detect (diagnose) and a second radioactive drug to give therapy to treat the primary tumour and any metastatic tumours. Tumor cells have a shell called a membrane; particular proteins on the tumour cell membrane, such as the somatostatin receptor (SSTR2), can serve as a target for cancer medicines. The radioactive diagnostic medicine Ga-68 DOTATOC targets SSTR2. Ga-68 DOTATOC is injected into a patient's vein and circulates throughout the circulation to all organs and tissues. If the patient has a neuroendocrine tumor with SSTR2 on the tumor cell membranes, the Ga-68 DOTATOC will bind to the SSTR2 and the tumor will light up on a PET scan.

The development of novel companion diagnostic tests to be used in conjunction with existing treatment options is expected to drive global theranostics growth. Leading manufacturers are working to bring novel companion diagnostic tests to market. In 2017, Illumina, Inc. announced the launch of a U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved extended RAS panel for identifying patients suitable for Vectibix (panitumumab) therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Theranostics is the combining of medicines and diagnostics in one package for image-guided therapy as well as early treatment result prediction. There is a more extensive discussion of the various kinds of nanomaterials, such as carbon-, polymer-, and metallic-based nanoparticles, in terms of their capacity to execute the dual modality. The basics of current therapeutic techniques such as photothermal therapy and imaging instruments such as optical, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are also presented. Researchers' basic techniques for various groups of medicines and imaging technologies are also reviewed. Current advances in theranostics, as well as various instances of other procedures that offer promise for the future of medicine, are highlighted.

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